Baking Pan Substitutions
10” x 3 ½” Bundt = Two 8” x 2” Rounds
10” x 2” Round = 9” x 9” x 2” Square
Standard 12-Cup Muffin Tin = 8 ½” x 4 ½” x 2 ½” Loaf OR 9” x 1 ½” Round OR 8” x 8” x 1 ½” Square
10” x 2” Round = 9” x 9” x 2” Square
9” x 2” Round = Two 8” x 1 ½” Rounds OR 10” x 15” x 1” Jelly Roll OR 8” x 8” x 2” Square
NOTE: BAKING TIMES WILL VARY BASED ON PAN SIZE. FOR EXAMPLE, DEEPER PANS REQUIRE LONGER BAKING TIMES!
| STAGE OF CANDY: |
TEMPERATURE: |
| Dark Caramel |
350-360 degrees F |
| Medium Caramel |
338-350 |
| Light Caramel |
320-338 |
| Hard Crack |
300-310 |
| Soft Crack |
270-290 |
| Hard Ball |
250-266 |
| Firm Ball |
244-248 |
| Soft Ball |
234-340 |
| Thread |
223-234 |
Weight & Measures
1 Tablespoon = 3 Teaspoons
1/8 Cup = 2 Tablespoons
¼ Cup = 4 Tablespoons
1/3 Cup = 5 Tablespoons + 1 Teaspoon
½ Cup = 8 Tablespoons
2/3 Cup = 10 Tablespoons + 2 Teaspoons
¾ Cup = 12 Tablespoons
1 Cup = 48 Teaspoons OR 16 Tablespoons OR ½ Pint
8 Fluid Ounces = 1 Cup
1 Tablespoon Liquid = ½ Ounce
1 Pint = 2 Cups OR 16 Fluid Ounces
1 Quart = 2 Pints
4 Cups = 1 Quart
1 Gallon = 4 Quarts
16 Ounces = 1 Pound
8 Quarts = 1 Peck
4 Pecks = 1 Bushel
Food Weights & Measure
2 Tablespoons Butter = 1 Ounce
2 Cups Butter = 1 Pound
1 Square Baking Chocolate = 1 Ounce
1 Cup Grated Cheese = 4 Ounces
4 Cups Coarsely Chopped Nuts = 1 Pound
2 1/3 Cups Uncooked Rice = 1 Pound
1 Cup Uncooked Rice = 3 ½ Cups Cooked Rice
2 Cups Granulated Sugar = 1 Pound
2 ¼ Cups Packed Brown Sugar = 1 Pound
3 ½ Cups Sifted Confectioners’ Sugar = 1 Pound
1 Pound Raw Ground Meat = 2 Cups
Liquid Metric Equivalencies
| Customary |
Metric |
| ¼ Teaspoon |
1.25 Milliliters |
| ½ Teaspoon |
2.5 Milliliters |
| 1 Teaspoon |
5 Milliliters |
| 1 Tablespoon |
15 Milliliters |
| 1 Fluid Ounce |
30 Milliliters |
| ¼ Cup |
60 Milliliters |
| 1/3 Cup |
80 Milliliters |
| ½ Cup |
120 Milliliters |
| 1 Cup |
240 Milliliters |
| 1 Pint (2 Cups) |
480 Milliliters |
| 1 Quart (4 Cups) |
960 Milliliters (.96 Liter) |
| 1 Gallon (4 Quarts) |
3.84 Liters |
Dry Measure Equivalencies
| 1 Ounce (by weight) |
28 Grams |
| ¼ Pound (4 ounces) |
114 Grams |
| 1 Pound (16 ounces) |
454 Grams |
| 2.2 Pounds |
1 Kilogram (1,000 Grams) |
Oven Temperature Equivalencies
| Fahrenheit |
Celsius |
| 200 |
90 |
| 250 |
120 |
| 300-325 |
150-160 |
| 325-350 |
160-180 |
| 350-375 |
180-190 |
| 375-400 |
190-200 |
| 400-450 |
200-230 |
| 450-500 |
230-260 |
